Gymnastics. How did the objects for rhythmic gymnastics appear and where did they come from? History of the origin and development of rhythmic gymnastics

Gymnastics- one of the most spectacular and graceful sports, the essence of which is to perform gymnastic and dance exercises. Exercises can be performed both with the use of objects (hoop, ball, jump rope, ribbon, clubs) and without it. Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport.

Gymnasts must have good flexibility, stretching, a high push, a slender figure, and good coordination of movements. But even if a gymnast does not have all these qualities, almost everything can be achieved through regular training and under the supervision of a good coach.

History of the origin and development of rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is considered a young sport; it appeared thanks to the masters of the Mariinsky Theater. In 1913, at the St. Petersburg Institute of Physical Culture. P.F. Lesgaft opened the Higher School of Art Movement. All teachers of this school, before joining it, had their own unique experience in teaching aesthetic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, dance gymnastics or free dance. The combination of all these styles into one gave a powerful impetus to the emergence of rhythmic gymnastics.

In 1941, the first Leningrad rhythmic gymnastics championship was held. Later, all Soviet sports and rhythmic gymnastics experienced stagnation in development due to the Great Patriotic War. But already in 1945, the first rhythmic gymnastics section was created, later transformed into the USSR Federation. The further development of rhythmic gymnastics occurred at incredible speed, involving more and more participants.

In 1948, the first USSR rhythmic gymnastics championship was held. Since 1949, these championships have been held annually. Later, the USSR Cup (1965) and all-Union children's competitions (1966) appeared.

After gymnasts began to travel outside the USSR to perform, rhythmic gymnastics received recognition from the International Gymnastics Federation and officially became considered a sport.

In 1960, the first official meeting took place in Sofia: Bulgaria - USSR - Czechoslovakia, and 3 years later the first official international competition, called the European Cup, took place in Budapest.

In 1967, a fundamentally new team event appeared in world rhythmic gymnastics - group exercise competition. In the same year, the first World Group Exercise Championships took place in Copenhagen.

1980 was a turning point for rhythmic gymnastics; after the completion of the Olympic Games in Moscow, at the IOC Congress it was decided to include this sport in the program of the Olympic Games. The Olympic history of rhythmic gymnastics began in 1984.

Rules of rhythmic gymnastics

As mentioned above, performances can be performed with or without apparatus, but in recent years, performances without apparatus have not been performed at world-class competitions. In group exercises, one or two types of objects should be used simultaneously.

All exercises are accompanied by a soundtrack. The choice of music depends entirely on the wishes of the gymnast and coach. But each exercise should last between 75 and 90 seconds. Rhythmic gymnastics competitions take place on a gymnastics mat measuring 13x13 meters.

Rhythmic gymnastics performances are graded on a twenty-point system. Three teams of judges evaluate the performances:

• Difficulty (D) is assessed by two subgroups of judges - D1 (2 judges, evaluate the technique of execution) and D2 (2 judges, evaluate the technique of working with the subject). When calculating the score, the arithmetic average of teams D1 and D2 is taken into account.
• Artistry and choreography (A) are assessed by 4 judges.
• Execution (E) is assessed by 4 judges. They deduct points for mistakes.

At any competition there must be a coordinating judge who monitors the formal side of the performance.

The final grade is calculated using the formula: Grade = (D1+D2)/2+A+E

Apparatus for rhythmic gymnastics

Jump rope There are hemp or synthetic jump ropes. The rope should be proportional to the height of the gymnast and should not have any handles; instead, one or two knots are tied at the ends.

Hoop for rhythmic gymnastics. There are wooden or synthetic hoops. The internal diameter should be from 80 to 90 cm, and the minimum weight should be 300 g.

Ball for rhythmic gymnastics. There are rubber or synthetic balls. The diameter of the ball is approximately 18-20 cm. The weight should be at least 400 grams.

Maces for rhythmic gymnastics (chakot clubs). They are made of plastic or rubber (previously gymnasts used wooden clubs). Velvet handles are allowed on clubs. The length of the clubs should be between 40-50 cm.

Performance with tape in rhythmic gymnastics. The ribbon itself can be satin or another similar material. Length at least 6 m (made from one piece). Weight not less than 35 g. The stick can be made of wood or plastic. Its length should be from 50 to 60 cm, and its diameter should be 1 cm at its widest point.

Rhythmic gymnastics competition

• The Olympic Games are the most prestigious international competition, held once every four years.
• The World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships is an international competition that has been held since 1963 (once every two years).
• The European Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships is an international competition held by the European Gymnastics Union (UEG). The first championship took place in 1978.

2016-06-30

We tried to cover the topic as completely as possible, so this information can be safely used when preparing messages, reports on physical education and abstracts on the topic “Rhythmic gymnastics”.

- a hoop, a ball, a ribbon, a jump rope and a mace. Trainers of the Regional Center for the Development of Gymnastics told how these objects appeared and where they came from.

Rhythmic gymnastics is traditionally considered one of the most aesthetically attractive sports. They move with such grace and grace and their image is perfectly complemented by the excellent coordination that is demonstrated when working with objects. However, without the traditional hoop, ball, ribbon, clubs and rope, it is impossible to imagine modern rhythmic gymnastics.

All items were “legislatively” approved in the last century. Until this moment, in the earliest stages of the development of gymnastics, exercises not only with them were considered traditional. The choice of subject was often limited only by the imagination of the athletes and coaches, and often gymnasts also worked with pennants and scarves (the ancestors of classical ribbons). There were also quite unexpected solutions: scarves on sticks, a ball put on a jump rope, huge gold-colored balls, balls trimmed with sparkles, snowflake clubs, a wide scarf ribbon.
Modern objects came to sports from different areas. Balls and ribbons were borrowed from ancient culture, a hoop from, a jump rope from children's dance performances, and ribbons from ballet.

The use of these objects was not regulated, and therefore depended on the imagination of the coaches - the history of rhythmic gymnastics remembers huge golden balls, snowflake clubs, objects embroidered with sequins and other original solutions. The modern attributes of “artists” were finally approved only in the 60s of the last century.
Although the Olympic debut of “artists” took place only in 1984, the exercise with apparatus appeared in the Games program much earlier - however, in the program for women’s artistic gymnastics. At the 1952 Olympics, a set of medals was played in the team exercise with hoops, and four years later in Melbourne - with clubs. Exercises with apparatus were supposed to make women's artistic gymnastics more graceful, because in those years, athletes performed on rings, horizontal bar, and pommel horse, which did not contribute to the development of grace and plasticity. Despite excellent physical preparation, working with apparatus was difficult for artistic gymnasts. Obviously, the very texture of the body - pumped up, with prominent muscles - was not compatible with exercises that required precision and subtlety of sensations.
Of all five items, only the rolling pin is not currently participating in the Olympics, because... Russian female athletes are clearly leaders in this area.

Rhythmic gymnastics is traditionally considered one of the most aesthetically attractive sports. The athletes move so gracefully and gracefully that it would seem, why give them objects in their hands? However, without the traditional hoop, ball, ribbon, clubs and rope, it is impossible to imagine modern rhythmic gymnastics. How did they get into this sport?

The first apparatuses in rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is still young, but that doesn’t make its history any less interesting. This sport owes its origin to the images of the great ballerinas of the Mariinsky Theater. Rhythmic gymnastics became a full-fledged sport in 1948. At the same time, the first USSR championship was held.

Modern objects came to sports from different areas. Balls and ribbons were borrowed from ancient culture, a hoop from gymnasts' performances, a jump rope from children's dance performances, and ribbons from ballet. In addition, athletes also performed with pennants and scarves (the ancestors of classic ribbons). The use of these objects was not regulated, and therefore depended on the imagination of the coaches - the history of rhythmic gymnastics remembers huge golden balls, snowflake clubs, objects embroidered with sequins and other original solutions. The modern attributes of “artists” were finally approved only in the 60s of the last century.

Debut of rhythmic gymnastics in the Olympic program

This type of gymnastics was included in the Olympic Games program in 1984. However, the items were previously used in other sports. Thus, at one time they tried to make artistic gymnastics more feminine and flexible by using clubs and hoops in the exercises. As it later became obvious, the attempt was unsuccessful - these objects required elegance and subtlety of movements, which in no way combined with the philosophy of artistic gymnastics, where, first of all, it is necessary to have a strong, strong body. After this attempt, exercises with apparatus were returned to the world of rhythmic gymnastics, where they do not lose relevance to this day.

Modern performance system

Today, the performance program is well systematized: athletes perform with a jump rope, a hoop, a ball, clubs and a ribbon, and in this order. In 1971, the history of the development of rhythmic gymnastics underwent another significant change - performance without an apparatus was excluded. According to the competition regulations, one exercise is excluded in each season; in the competitions of the 2015-2016 season, there is no exercise with a jump rope.

The materials used and the dimensions of the objects are also regulated: hoops and clubs must be made of plastic, the jump rope must have the required diameter, the ball must be of a certain weight and size, and the ribbon must have the correct length. The color and design can be any; most often they are designed in the same style as the gymnast’s costume.