Sizes and types of PVC sewer pipes and adapters for their connection. Diameters of sewer plastic pipes PVC pipe 50 dimensions

Have you ever wondered what caused the great demand for PVC sewer pipes?

The thing is that they are easy to install, easy to use and most importantly - inexpensive.

The modern market offers a wide range of materials with which sewage can be equipped.

And in order to make the right choice, you need to have at least minimal knowledge about their characteristics.

Purpose of PVC pipes and main characteristics

The scope of this material depends on its physical properties. It does not hurt to know that polyvinyl chloride is one of the representatives of the group of thermoplastics, which, after heat treatment and even under mechanical stress, retain their shape and integrity. Ethylene, stabilized chlorine and additives to improve properties are also used in the pipe production process.

The main purpose of PVC pipes is their use in the sewerage system. Depending on their thickness, the scope of use and, accordingly, the type are determined. It could be:

internal sewerage:
outdoor;
pressure system;
gravity drain.

Plastic pipes: orange - for external sewage, gray - for internal

This classification refers to those models that have undergone appropriate processing. The best technical characteristics are not plasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC-U.

Operational properties directly depend on the technical characteristics. As for PVC pipes, they are characterized by such indicators:

a high level of mechanical strength, moreover, a three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation allows you to install it deep;
resistance to the negative influence of an aggressive environment;
perfectly smooth wall from the inside, which prevents the retention of solid elements;
a large value of internal pressure, a minimum of 6 bar, and a maximum of 16;
the highest drain temperature that is allowed is +65 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is -10 degrees. There are models that can withstand +90 degrees, but if this happens for a short time;
specific gravity 2 kg per linear meter (the indicator varies depending on the thickness and diameter);
the tensile strength is 50 MPa, and the service life is about 50 years.

Features of the diameter and size of the sewer pipe

PVC sewer pipe diameter

D is the outer diameter of the pipe; Dy is the inner diameter of the pipe; Dr is the outer diameter of the socket; Lp is the length of the socket; L is the length of the pipe without a socket; L1 = L+Lp

PVC sewer pipe diameter is the main parameter when choosing them, and this does not depend on whether the sewage system is equipped internally or externally. It is worth noting that the different sizes of pipes mean that they are designed for different tasks. Do not forget that the device of the sewer system will be easy and correct if you choose the right size.

According to the table, a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm with a slope of 1.3 cm should be used to drain from the bath, further:

shower - diameter 40 mm, slope 1.48 cm;
toilet bowl - 100 mm / 1.2 cm;
sink - 40 mm / 1.12 cm;
bidet - 30-40 mm / 1.2 cm;
sink - 30-40 mm / 1.36 cm;
combined drain - 50 mm / 1.8 cm;
central riser - 100 mm;
outlets from the riser - 65-75 mm.

Pipeline options include:

external diameter;
inner diameter;
conditional passage - means an internal section;
nominal section.

PVC Sewer Pipe Size Chart

It will help to understand what are the sizes of PVC sewer pipes table. You can see it below:

Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 1

The dimensions of pipes for external sewage are not regulated in any way, the only recommendation is that its diameter should not be inferior to the size of the circumference of the external main. For example, pipes 110-250 mm in diameter can be used in private houses, and even more (about 400 mm) in heavy-load systems.

Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 2

The thickness of the material is also of considerable importance in operation, it depends on the stiffness class to which the pipe belongs. If we talk about the thickness of the walls, then there are no specific standards for arranging an internal sewage system, but at the same time, it is not advisable to use pipes thinner than 1.8 mm in gravity systems.

How to choose the optimal diameter of sewer pipes?

Of course, the presence of PVC pipes of different sizes can be considered an advantage, but for those who encounter them for the first time, certain difficulties may arise when choosing. To avoid misunderstandings, it is important to know that:

the diameter of the horizontal pipe cannot be less than the riser through which the wastewater passes. This can cause blockages;
horizontal connections are mounted only with the help of oblique tees and corners, this prevents unnecessary clogging;
without fail, at each turn, a revision must be installed, which is a special hole for cleaning. In multi-storey buildings, they are installed every 3 floors. Even if the site is long (more than 12 m) and deaf, an audit will still not interfere;
the optimal slope of the sewer pipe is 1.2 cm;
cutting not too wide hollow objects is quite simple with a hacksaw or grinder.

How to choose a diameter? If you use a pipe to drain a dishwasher or washing machine, then its circumference should be 25 mm, and if it is a siphon or shower, then 32 mm. On average, sewer pipes installed inside the apartment should be 40-50 mm. For the street, hollow objects of circular cross section with a diameter of 160-200 mm are used.

Methods for connecting PVC pipes depending on their diameter

If the pipe circumference does not exceed 63 mm, then the following connection technologies are allowed for their connection:

socket welding - the principle is to place a smaller object in one that is larger;
sleeve welding - an additional part is used in the form of a sleeve.

Some models have threaded connections and require flare fittings to use.

In the case of pipes larger than 63 mm in diameter, the butt welding method is used. No couplings are needed here, however, the reliability of the connection is in no way inferior to similar methods.

One of the important factors that will have to be implemented in the process is the correct calculation of the characteristics for each of the mounted sections. Calculation work is important because its correct implementation allows you to reduce costs and achieve the desired efficiency.

Anyone is ready to offer a wide range of pipes with different lengths, diameters and other individual characteristics.

To create sewer systems, products with a diameter of less than 50 mm are not used, 32 and 40 mm pipes are used for electrical wiring. But 50 mm parts are used to create indoors and connect plumbing units.

Table 1:

Nominal diameter	Bell inner diameter	Wall thickness including e, e 2 min, e 3 min	Flare length including a min, c max	Free end length
32	32.3	1.8;1.6;1.0;	24;18	42
40	40.3	1.8;1.6;1.0;	26;18	44
50	50.3	1.8;1.6;1.0;	28;18	46
75	75.4	1.9;1.7;1.1;	33;18	51
110	110.4	2.7;2.4;1.5;	36;22	58

The consumer should know the following about 110 mm parts: such products are used, despite similar diameters, they have different properties, therefore, it is worth purchasing components for indoor use, and for outdoor use. The low cost and the search for ways to improve industrial mechanisms led not only to a significant, but also to a decrease in the cost of both independent parts and the installation estimate as a whole.

Table 2:

Nominal diameter	Smallest flare inner diameter	Bell length (including normal and extended)	Assembly length (including standard and extended)
110+0.3	110.4	58;201	58;113
160+0.4	160.5	74;214	74;123
200+0.5	200.6	90;226	90;133
250+0.5	250.8	125;265	125;167
315+0.6	316.0	158;272	158;171
400+0.7	401.2	178;291	178;188
500+0.9	501.5	200;323	228;242
630+1.1	631.9	228;361	228;242

The minimum length of components with a diameter of 125, 160 and 200 mm is 500 mm, this can be a lot during installation. In this state of affairs, the extra segment can be separated from the main structure using a conventional hacksaw. We must not forget that it will only be provided that the end of the cut product is carefully processed.

160 mm gauge is traditionally suitable for both rain systems in low-rise (private) houses. In the context of this situation, as a rule, lengths of 3 meters are used. A curious feature of parts with a diameter of 200 mm is that this is the limit for components available outside the scope of an individual order up to 100 cm long.

Table 3:

Diameter (mm)	Bell length (mm)	Wall thickness (mm)	Weight 1 meter (kg)
125	140	3,2	2.029
160	165	3,2	2.626
200	185	3,9	3.949
250	210	4,9	6.200
315	230	6,2	9.926
355	240	7	12.594
400	260	7,9	16.000
450	280	8,8	20.104
500	300	9,8	24.925
630	335	12,3	39.66
710	420	13,9	50.824
800	430	15,7	65.068
900	450	17,6	82.281
100	470	19,6	102.056

The assortment of 250 mm parts is multi-layered, which allows it to be used efficiently. The design, assembled from such components, is not “afraid” of loads, is resistant to mechanical stress, and has an impressive service life.

Advantages of PVC material

It is important to understand that PVC pipes for wiring and sewer have a lot of significant competitive advantages, the main of which are:

Impressive, which usually lasts at least half a century;
No need to maintain an object assembled from PVC;
The minimum weight greatly facilitates not only storage and transportation, but also;
Low, in comparison with analogues made from other raw materials, cost;
The impossibility of clogging the structure, due to the smooth internal structure of the part;
Simplicity and the ability to quickly perform installation work.

The goods in question are such that their assembly does not require the use of complex and expensive labor: all the actions that the situation implies (in some cases, even digging trenches for external sewage) can be done by hand, using a socket is not a complicated process and special does not require skills.

In addition, ease of assembly leads to high speed. In comparison with analogues that require either the use of compression couplings, the assembly of the pipes in question is carried out many times faster.

It is important to consider that the use of such products is a great opportunity to save not only time, but also money, since you do not need to pay for the services of a master or a team of craftsmen who will install the drainage structure.

To climatic influences, as well as to the influence of chemicals, these pipes are practically invulnerable, while they are often used for transporting rarefied media (gaseous substances).

The video shows the dimensions of the sewer pipes:

PVC sewer pipes are among the first to be used in the pipe industry.

When passing tests in the field, only these products gave positive results - after 50 years of work in the ground, the water pipeline showed full suitability for further operation for the same period.

European countries have appreciated the reliability and environmental friendliness of PVC products - today their use reaches 80%.

Advantages of PVC pipes

Currently, no other species can successfully compete with them. This is due to the following benefits of use.

Their thermal conductivity approaches that of insulating materials.
They are bacteriologically and toxically safe.
They are highly combustible materials, the ignition temperature is 500°C.
Resistant to chemical (deformation, corrosion, rust) and physical impact.
Inert to acids, alkalis, etc.
They have excellent hydraulic properties, which is especially important in horizontal sewerage sections.
Over time, their throughput does not change - this is facilitated by a smooth inner surface. For the same reason, microbes and bacteria do not develop.
They are distinguished by resistance to overgrowth of the walls.
PVC sewer pipes can be used in a wide temperature range - they retain their properties from -20 ° C to + 60 ° C, they are able to withstand even hotter environments - close to 100 ° C without emitting harmful substances.
Easy to assemble and take the desired shape,
Even in the presence of a large amount of sand in the drains, wear resistance is great.
Service life - at least half a century.

All the specified properties, assortment of pipe products and fittings for them must comply with the standard values \u200b\u200bgiven in the tables of GOST and TU, according to which these products are manufactured.

Application area

First of all - for its intended purpose - for gravity drains of new or reconstruction of existing sewer systems (external - Ø 110 mm and above, internal - starting from Ø 50 mm - see table).

During the construction of entertainment complexes - water parks, swimming pools and fountains.
In the chemical industry - for the removal of aggressive compounds.
As transportation of drinks - milk, carbonated and alcoholic products.
For the needs of agriculture - they make drinking bowls for livestock and carry out watering.

Appointment depending on the assortment

Watch the video

PVC pipes for sewerage are produced in the range of diameters 50 ÷ 630 mm.
Their assortment corresponds to the size tables used in sewer networks - both external and internal.

The choice is made in accordance with the need to solve the tasks. To simplify this process, a single standard has been created that regulates their sizes. The defining value is the diameter. Table 2 shows the size range of manufactured PVC products for sewer systems.

Manufacturers mark these products according to the outer diameter, indicating the wall thickness. The inside diameter is defined as the difference between the outside and twice the wall thickness.

Internal sewerage is mounted from pipes with dimensions of 50, 110 and 125mm.
External - starting from Ø 110 mm.
Between buildings - with a diameter of 160 mm.
Along the street - from Ø 200 mm.

When installing communications outside buildings, the dependence of structural rigidity on the expected load is taken into account:

PVC pipes Ø 110 mm

PVC sewer pipes Ø 110 mm have the widest range of applications - both when installing internal communications and external ones.
Their throughput allows them to be used in a small house or apartment, if the amount of plumbing in it is standard.

External sewer systems PVC Ø 110 are installed, if necessary:

remove wastewater from buildings and residential premises;
install external sewerage in cottages and low buildings;
perform a surface drainage system - as a continuation of linear and point drainage systems.

The widespread use of pipes Ø 110 is economically and technically justified. This is favored by:

their lightness and elasticity;
they are easy to assemble and, if necessary, dismantle.

What does a pressureless system mean?

Drains are carried out by gravity, when pipes with a size of 110 mm are used:
for continuous withdrawal of wastewater at a temperature not exceeding 80°C;
for short-term withdrawal of wastewater at a temperature of 95 ° C.

When laying PVC sewer systems Ø 110 mm, the following should be taken into account:

mandatory slope - 10-20 mm / m - to ensure the full volume of the catchment;
the depth of laying should correspond to the level of soil freezing in the region (average value - 1-1.5 m);
when the system falls asleep, there should be no stones and construction debris, in order to avoid damage;
do not compact the soil above the sewer.

Pipelines made of PVC pipes with a size of 110 mm can be concreted if they are pre-wrapped with parchment and waterproofing material.

PVC pipes Ø 50 mm

Sewer pipes Ø 50 mm - products with a small diameter, correspond to the beginning of the size range of the sewer pipeline (table 2).
Watch the video

Are used:

when installing external and internal sewer systems;
for drinking water supply and heating systems;
to create plastic drainage systems inside buildings, connect plumbing to them, as well as to drain drains - domestic and storm;
PVC internal sewerage Ø 50 mm is installed in rooms equipped with high temperature water outlets - from washing machines.

Quick and easy installation is ensured by the spigot connection.
Pipes Ø 50 mm have the proper rigidity, are resistant to high temperatures, and are mounted without the use of fittings.

If installation work and operation are performed correctly, then the service life of such sewage systems can be quite long - several decades.

Pipes Ø 50 mm grey, smooth surface. There is a socket for a connecting ring.

Complete with cuff.

Technical features of pipes Ø 50 mm

The extremely high temperature of the passed fluid is 70°C.
A short exposure (up to two minutes) to a hotter liquid is possible - up to 95 ° C.

The tendency to attenuation during ignition is expressed.

There is no reaction to all substances that can be used on the farm.

No release of toxic compounds.

Resistant to the release of acids - organic and inorganic, alkalis.

High strength allows you to withstand a pressure of 12 MPa.

An important task when laying pipelines is to ensure that there is no internal pressure.

Size range of sewer pipes made of polyvinyl chloride

As can be seen from Table 2, the diameters and wall thicknesses are interrelated values. They have fixed values and comply with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01085. The same document defines the formulas for calculating all parameters of the sewer system. If necessary, you can calculate the pressure, temperature, docking angles. For the installation of sewerage in the house, it is enough to take into account the main indicators.

The sewer pipes presented in Table 2 for the installation of internal systems are made with a gray surface, for external communications they are painted red.

Summarize

Watch the video

When designing a sewer system, an accurate calculation of the dimensions of pipes for installation at a particular facility should be performed in order to provide the necessary throughput without purchasing elements of a larger diameter than is economically and technically justified.
A prerequisite for normal operation is the free flow of air to prevent the formation of a low pressure area during flushing, when the water seal is sucked in.
If the system is mounted correctly, then it will work for a long time and without unpleasant surprises.

All these qualities make PVC sewer pipes the most popular compared to all used today.

We are glad to welcome you on the pages of our online magazine!

PVC sewer pipes turned the idea of \u200b\u200bsewer systems upside down, they almost completely replaced steel, cast iron and steel from this area. However, the use of plastic in construction requires knowledge of the physical and performance characteristics of PVC. We propose to look into this issue.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a colorless and transparent thermoplastic polymer.

It is resistant to:

acid-base environment;
a large number of solvents;
fats and mineral oils;
saline and alcohol solutions.

With proper operation, PVC pipes have several advantages:

The smoothness of the inner surface increases the throughput of the pipeline, reducing the coefficient of friction, and prevents the formation of sediment.
Rigidity and high mechanical strength (tensile strength - 50 MPa) ensures the operation of the system under internal pressure in the range from 6 to 16 bar and allows the use of plastic pipes even at a depth of 8 meters.
The material is inert, does not come into contact with the carrier and is not affected by bacteria, which makes it safe for use in housing and communal services and facilitates cleaning work.
Corrosion resistance.
Ease of installation. The low specific gravity of vinyl causes a small weight of products made from it (from 2 kg / r.m., the parameters may vary depending on the wall thickness). This facilitates transportation, and along with the socket method of connection, and installation of the pipeline without the involvement of special equipment and special equipment.
Due to the dielectric properties of the material, there is no need to ground sewerage from PVC pipes.
Long service life (up to 50 years).
Low cost of material and production in comparison with metal, cast iron and concrete counterparts.

However, PVC and products made from it have several disadvantages:

With prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the material loses its strength and elasticity. However, manufacturers solve this problem by adding a special light-absorbing dye to the composition, which creates a kind of filter that limits the affected area to a depth of no more than 0.05 mm;
Low frost resistance. Already at a temperature of -15⁰C, PVC material becomes brittle and collapses, which imposes a number of requirements on the external use of PVC pipes: subsoil laying of the pipeline, or its ground insulation.
Tendency to warp at temperatures above 65⁰C (90⁰C for some models). This limits its use in the field of transportation of high-temperature carriers.

Differences from other polymer pipes

In addition to polyvinyl chloride, sewer pipes are also made from other types of polymer: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB) or polyamide (PA).

Operational properties	PVC	PP	PE
Density, g/cm³	1,35-1,43	0,9-0,91	0,94-0,96
Chemical resistance	average	low	average
Frost resistance, ⁰C	up to 15	up to 15	up to -60
UV resistance	average	average	increase
Maximum temperature threshold, ⁰C	65	90-100	40-60
Tensile strength, MPa	40-50	250-400	100-170
Bending resistance limit, MPa	80-120	980-1370	120-170

Scope and types

A wide range of PVC sewer pipes is due to a variety of production technologies, plasticizers and other substances added to the polymer to vary the physical and technical characteristics and adapt them to different operating conditions:

house sewerage systems (septic tank, cesspools, biotank installations);
drainage communications;
street storm networks;
pipelines of the chemical and textile industries and many others. others

The following classification is generally accepted:

Designed for indoor and outdoor.
By type of diversion system into pressure and non-pressure (gravity-flowing type).
In shape, smooth and corrugated.
According to the stiffness class on the L-, N- and S-models, characterizing the resistance of products to mechanical stress.
By standard size (ratio of wall thickness to diameter) into light, medium and heavy. This gradation allows you to choose a model depending on the expected depth of the pipeline.

Indoor and outdoor

Depending on the location of the sewer circuit (inside or outside the room), PVC pipes are divided into internal and external. This classification predetermines the physical qualities of products, such as strength, stiffness and wall thickness, resistance to temperature extremes and wear resistance.

For a number of reasons, polyvinyl chloride pipes for an external sewer circuit are often made, and therefore thicker and stronger than in-house ones:

Due to the low degree of frost resistance of polyvinyl chloride, external PVC pipes are laid underground, which increases the load on them from the outside (a layer of soil, asphalt, pedestrian and motor vehicles). In rare cases, surface laying of the pipeline is allowed, subject to its mandatory insulation.
The impact of groundwater or the dynamic movement of the carrier can lead to depressurization of the line due to its displacement and damage to the docking nodes.
Freezing of the soil or carrier can lead to deformation or rupture of the pipeline.

For visual identification, sewer PVC pipes are made in various colors:

internal - gray;
outer - orange. In addition, the bright orange color makes it easy to identify the pipeline during excavation, thereby preventing the possibility of accidental damage.

It is unacceptable to use pipes outside that are intended to create an internal sewage system.

Pressure and non-pressure

Depending on the method of organizing the movement of the working flow, pressure and non-pressure PVC pipes are distinguished.

Pressure pipelines are sewerage systems with forced removal of sewage by means of pump circulation equipment, including sanitary pumps with choppers and deep-well pumps. An increase in the flow rate in the pipeline and an increase in the level of operating pressure (up to 10 atmospheres or more) impose special requirements on the strength of the pipes used and the method of their connection.

Pressure pipes are mainly made of three layers of unplasticized PVC, which is characterized by increased resistance to mechanical damage and deformation. However, they are less plastic and cannot be bent.

According to the maximum internal pressure pressure pipes are produced in 4 modifications:

PN6 - up to 0.6 MPa;
PN10 - up to 1 MPa;
PN16 - up to 1.6 MPa;
PN20 - up to 2 MPa.

According to the connection method, sewer PVC pipes for forced circulation of the flow are divided into:

adhesive;
socketed.

Non-pressure, produced for gravity sewers with a flow speed of not more than 8 m / s and a working pressure of not more than 0.16 MPa, are inferior to pressure ones in terms of strength. The arrangement of sewage mains, in which the carrier is carried out under the action of gravity, is usually carried out with standard single-layer pipes (for the arrangement of vertical drains - three-layer) with a socket connection method, subject to the obligatory observance of the angle of inclination of the pipeline.

Corrugated

Corrugated (spiral) plastic pipes are distinguished into a separate category, which can be used both inside and outside the premises, both in pressure and gravity lines.

The flexibility of PVC products allows them to be used in complex structures and in hard-to-reach sections of the highway, directing the carrier flow along the desired trajectory.

According to the production method, corrugated pipes are divided into:

single-layer, used for intra-house and light outdoor highways;
two-layer, intended for;
three-layer, used for laying sewer networks under highways, railway tracks, etc.

The spiral design of the corrugated pipes increases the ring stiffness of the products, which allows them to withstand increased loads even during underground laying of the pipeline, and the smooth inner surface does not impede the passage of drains.

An additional advantage of corrugated pipes is their lower weight compared to smooth counterparts.

Diameters and dimensions

The dimensions of PVC pipes (diameters and wall thickness) directly affect the throughput and mechanical strength, and hence the efficiency of the sewer line. A variety of product lengths allows you to install a pipeline with minimal financial losses.

There are inner and outer diameters:

internal - the size of the section of the pipe cavity without taking into account the wall thickness, is taken into account to calculate the throughput of the pipeline;
outer - the size of the pipe section, taking into account the wall thickness, is necessary for the calculation of mounting (connecting) and insulating materials.

The wall thickness determines the maximum allowable pressure in the system, the degree of protection against external mechanical impact and the depth of the pipeline. At the same time, it varies depending on the stiffness class:

SDR51_SN2, lightweight - from 2.2 to 5.9 mm; depth up to 4m. They are used in areas not subject to traffic loads (indoors, in residential areas, under sidewalks and in park areas).
SDR41_SN4, medium - from 3 to 7.7 mm; depth not more than 6m. Placement in areas with moderate traffic load is allowed.
SDR_SN8, heavy (industrial) - from 5 to 9.2 mm; depth up to 8m; are oriented for installation in areas with increased load, mainly for citywide and industrial sewer mains.

Where SDR is the designation of strength and ring stiffness, expressed in the ratio of wall thickness and diameter of the PVC pipe, and SN is the designation of the stiffness class.

PVC sewer pipe size chart

For corrugated pipes, the following ratio of internal and external diameters is accepted:

Below is a table of dimensions adopted for smooth PVC sewer pipes:

DN - outer diameter of the pipe (nominal diameter);
DN1 - Minimum inner diameter;
T, M - Length (mounting) of a normal socket;
t, m - Length (mounting) of the elongated socket;
e - Wall thickness.

How to choose the optimal diameter

In order for the sewer system to function for a long time and efficiently, it is necessary to follow the following recommendations and standards prescribed in SNiP No. 2.04.03:

For laying the internal pipeline, a cross section in the range from 25 to 110 mm is used. For outdoor communications - with a diameter of 110 to 630 mm.
In private households, plumbing PVC pipes with a diameter of 110-250 mm are installed, in apartment buildings - 110-400 mm.
For the section from the central intra-house riser to the city sewer - 150-200 mm.
Water disposal from baths / saunas - 200 mm, pools - 240-300 mm.
The smallest diameter of 25 mm is used to divert water and waste from household appliances (washing machines and dishwashers).

Approximate prices

The cost of PVC pipes for sewerage depends on:

dimensions (length, diameter, wall thickness) and stiffness class;
pipe geometry (straight smoothbore or corrugated);
functional purpose (laying of internal or external, vertical or horizontal pipeline);
complete set (presence or absence of sealing rings, etc.).

The cost of pipes intended for an external sewer circuit is usually 20% higher than in-house ones.

When forming the budget, it is necessary to take into account the cost of connecting elements (fittings), which are usually 15-20% more expensive than pipes.

By the way, we recommend purchasing pipes for external sewage from a plant dealer - Teplotorg, because. a wide range of pipes and fittings is always maintained and delivery to your facility on the same day can be arranged.

Pipe connection methods

The connection of sewer plastic pipes is made manually without the use of special equipment in one of the following ways:

Adhesive connection, carried out by means of special fittings and glue.
Docking with sealing cuffs or rings.
Mufto-spigot connection.
Mufto-adhesive connection.

The decision to use one or another method is made based on the specifics of the structure of the pipes, which can be:

with socket for sealing ring:

with socket without sealing ring (for adhesive bonding):

with a chamfer (for adhesive bonding):

without chamfer (for sleeve-adhesive connection):

To choose the right pipelines, it is necessary to take into account their geometric parameters. One of the most important indicators is the diameter of PVC, PPE, and cast iron sewer pipes.

Dimensions and area of \u200b\u200buse of the pipe

There are certain standards according to which the size of the sewer pipe depends on the area of its use. So, a pipeline with a diameter of 40–50 mm is installed in kitchen and sink drains, and 75–100 mm in the sewer leading from the toilet bowl.

Standard parameters depend on the volume of water that must leave the tank in a certain time. For example, in an apartment of a multi-storey building there are standard toilet bowls, from which a large volume of water should come out in a short period of time along with waste. Therefore, in most cases, for toilet bowls, a diameter of plastic or cast iron pipes of at least 110 mm is selected.

Table on how to choose the inner diameter for the sewer pipe, depending on the use of the outlet:

If you have non-standard parameters of water supply systems, then before installing the sewage system, you need to determine the relationship between the amount of wastewater and the rate of their departure. For this, certain geometric parameters are calculated.

In addition to the fact that the correct diameter allows you to calculate the rate of water removal, pipe cleaning is also carried out taking into account this parameter. For example, the technology for cleaning sewers with Karcher systems is now very popular, but they are used only on pipes with a diameter of 100 mm or more.

Pipe calculation

For individual selection of a pipe for installation in houses, cottages or in the country, it is necessary to calculate the patency. To calculate the useful pipe diameter (internal d), you need to know the following parameters:

D – outer (outer) diameter, mm;
B – wall thickness, mm;
m is the mass of a linear meter of the pipe, g (required to take into account the number and type of fasteners, if a complete replacement of the pipeline is needed);
S - cross-sectional area, mm 2.

Formulas for calculation:

S \u003d π / 4 (D 2 - d 2);

Many manufacturers of polyethylene pipes mark most of the required parameters on communications. But, as a standard, only the outer diameter (D) and the thickness of the walls are initially known for the outlet. The most important parameter is the inner diameter, with its help, the pipe is connected to the main pipe and the sewer wiring, the selection of additional elements, fittings, etc.

At the same time, unlike polypropylene plastic pipes, for a cast-iron sewer communication, the manufacturer initially indicates a useful inner diameter. Like steel, it is designated DN. It can have different values, in integers, for example, DN 110 or DN 200. This means that this pipe has a conditional water outlet diameter of 110 or 200 mm, respectively.

How to determine pipe sizes

Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and other foreign-made plastic communications are most often indicated in inches. It may also be that you need to install fixtures on the pipeline, but its dimensions are also given in inches, while the pipe is indicated in mm.

To do this, you need to convert known inch sizes to millimeters. According to the data, 1 inch is 25.4 mm. It turns out that a pipe with a diameter of 2 inches \u003d 50.8 mm, etc. Fractional values \u200b\u200bare often used, so clamps, fittings, couplings and communications are marked.

Consider their meaning in the table:

Inches	In millimeters	Inches	In millimeters
1/8	3,2	1 1/8	28,6
1/4	6,4	1 1/4	31,8
3/8	9,5	1 3/8	34,9
1/2	12,7	1 1/2	38,1
5/8	15,9	1 5/8	41,3
3/4	19	1 3/4	44,4
7/8	22,2	1 7/8	47,6

2 1/8	54	3 1/8	79,4
2 1/4	57,2	3 1/4	82,6
2 3/8	60,3	3 3/8	85,7
2 1/2	63,5	3 1/2	88,9
2 5/8	66,7	3 5/8	92,1
2 3/4	69,8	3 3/4	95,2
2 7/8	73	3 7/8	98,4

But, when measuring the socket manually, for example, with a ruler, the nearest minimum size is always taken. For example, the diameter in millimeters of a sewer pipe for a sink is 34. It turns out that the outer diameter is 1 ¼ inches. Be careful when choosing sizes, otherwise you will have to buy additional gaskets or adapters. But the coupling is selected based on the nearest larger value, i.e., 34 mm will be considered 1 3/8 inches.

Video: Docking pipes of different diameters in the sewer.

Steel two-way communications may have different indicators on different sides, you need to double-check the data. This can be done by experimental measurements with a caliper or cork gauge.

Table: Diameters of ceramic pipes

SNiP

Before you buy sewer pipes of large diameter, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements of SNiP. There are systems designed for use in large cities, respectively, they have larger diameters, and communications that are used in urban-type settlements or villages. Based on the norms specified in the sanitary norms and rules:

For the installation of sewerage in urban networks with a flow of more than 300 cubic meters in 24, pipes with a diameter of 150 mm are used;
To carry out the laying of a drainage system for industrial premises - up to 130 mm, but it is necessary to use a sealing cuff;
Laying pipes for non-pressure sewers is allowed with communications up to 100 mm.

Various domestic and foreign companies are engaged in the production and installation of pipes for sewerage. The price of communications directly depends on the diameter and material of the drain. Before installing already selected pipelines, it is advisable to consult with a specialist in order to prevent possible leaks and emergencies due to a mismatch between the requirements and the purchased pipes.